Cardinal Henry Benedict Stuart - would-be King Henry IX of England and I of Scotland and Ireland - last Stuart pretender with a realistic chance to be King of Great Britain, died in July 1807 at Rome.
In July 2007, there was a Solemn Pontifical memorial Requiem Mass in the old pre-Vatican II style in London on the bicentenary of the death of the grandson of James II and brother of Bonnie Prince Charlie, the last of the Stuarts, and son of Queen Maria Clementina, the daughter of King Jan III Sobieksi of Poland-Lithuania.
Henry Stuart ended his days as a Cardinal in Rome, dean of the college of cardinals, under the protection of the Pope. His brother, mother and father are all buried at St Peter's and also had been under the Pope's protection. They are commemorated by a famous Canova monument on the left side of the Basilica
The closest Henry got to setting foot on British territory was his evacuation to Sicily in 1798 aboard Nelson’s flagship, HMS Vanguard. In England he is largely forgotten; but his memory is still kept alive in and around the Eternal City. His monument stands at the back of St Peter’s Basilica. His coat of arms can be found in Santa Maria in Trastevere and elsewhere around Rome.
While there was still a chance that the Stuarts would regain the throne, Henry was treated and lived as royalty in the vicinity of Rome even though a clergyman. After all the family lands were confiscated, George III gave him a pension that allowed him to live in the royal style until his death.
Below are several posts about Henry, his history and the Requiem Mass at a blog run by a priest in London. Very interesting with lots of photos. Members of the Royal Stuart Society organized the event. Also a different blog that has more photos and information about the items displayed - such as things connected to the Order of the Garter, the British flag, and a royal parliamentary mantle with ermine cape which are as they would have been before the Hanovarians came to power .
The Requiem took place in the Conventual church of the Sovereign Military and Hospitaller Order of St John of Jerusalem, Rhodes and Malta (founded in 1099 and later known as the Knights Hospitaller). This is not - as some wrongly call it - a "hospital chapel". This is the Conventual church of an ancient religious order, older than the Franciscans and Dominicans and most other religious orders in the Church - only the Benedictines and Augustinians are older. The blogger is the chaplain of the Royal Stuart Society

Here is the portrait of the Cardinal-King hanging in the Scots College in Rome, where Scottish seminarians are trained for the priesthood.
The following is from one of the blogs:
Thus was appropriately celebrated the memory of the Head of the Royal House of Stuart and rightful King over the Dowry of Mary, England, the Crown of Mary, Scotland, and the blessed isle of St Patrick, Ireland, the last of the Royal name of Stuart that had ruled in Scotland for so long and which later came to be the ruling dynasty of the British isles, the last Catholic dynasty of these islands.
The Stuart line, happily, continues and, having passed down through various generations, now rests with HRH Prince Francis, Duke of Bavaria.
His brother, Duke Max Emmanuel in Bavaria, will succeed and thereafter the daughter of Duke Max, Princess Sophie of Bavaria, now Her Serene Highness, Princess of Liechtenstein after her marriage to HSH Prince Alois, the heir of the very Catholic princely line of Liechtenstein. Appropriately, Prince Alois was educated at the Royal Miltiary Academy Sandhurst, Britain's military academy, and his eldest child was, again appropriately, born in London.
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Talk about holding on to a fantasy. It's time to give up the claim and move on, don't you think? But I guess it's fun to play dress-up, even if they are adults. This is the Sky Boat Song of the Jacobite Loyalists: "Burned are our homes, exile and death, Scatter the loyal men, Yet, e'er the sword cool in the sheath, Charlie will come again."
Here's some portraits and brief snippets about the Stuarts from the 2nd blog that focusses on monarchy.
HENRY'S BROTHER CHARLIE
Portrait of Prince Charles Edward Stuart ("Bonnie Prince Charlie") with his most faithful followers among the Jacobite Clan chiefs - Cameron of Lochiel and MacDonald of Clanranald. Aymez Loyaute - "love loyalty" was the motto of the Royal Stuarts, the legitimate kings of Britain and Ireland but excluded from the throne because, since King James II and VII, they were Roman Catholics and wished to repeal the savage laws that meant a man could be hanged, drawn and quartered for repudiating the Anglican and Presbyterian State churches. King James issued a "Declaration of Indulgence" giving religious freedom to his subjects. However, the Whigs invited a foreign power to invade Britain and Ireland, establishing a Dutch Protestant as king, William of Orange aka "Dutch Billy".
Henry ix and i, Cardinal-king as a boy
Prince James Francis Edward Stuart, the son of King James II and VII, was de jure King James III of England and VIII of Scotland, the father of Bonnie Prince Charlie and Prince Henry, Cardinal Duke of York. All 3 are now buried in St Peter's Basilica James was a faithful Catholic and monarch. Offered the throne of Britain and Ireland by the British Whigs if he converted to Protestantism, he replied that nothing would induce him to abandon his religion. He fought for his lawful right to the throne but was prevented by treacherous enemies. The result was that the people of Britain and Ireland were delivered into the hands of the Capitalist Whigs - the British, and especially Irish, people became deeply pauperised and shamefully oppressed. The Protestant writer William Cobbett who lived at the time, wrote of even children being starved to death, hanged for stealing sixpence and transported to the colonies for petty crimes, never to see their families again. Roman Catholics in particular were subjected to one of the most savage and oppressive Penal Codes ever to have disgraced European history.
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It's not only in the Balkans that grudges have long memories.
Julia